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International delegations began arriving in Sharm el-Sheikh on Sunday to participate in the COP27 summit, and a number of leaders and leaders arrived, while more than 120 world leaders are expected to participate in this summit.
Tomorrow, the Presidents’ Summit will begin over two days, and three presidential tables will be held each day, where leaders will talk about their countries’ efforts to confront the challenges of the effects of climate change. The substantive days of the Climate Summit begin after Wednesday, November 9, when each day is devoted to discussing a major issue related to energy, finance, social diversity, agriculture, water and possible solutions, amid expectations of achieving great ambitions.
Among the attendees is US President Joe Biden, who will arrive in Sharm el-Sheikh on November 11. On the other hand, leaders will be absent from the summit, as Chinese President Xi Jinping, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin have not been included in the provisional list of speakers. French President Emmanuel Macron, German Chancellor Olaf Schulz, Brazilian presidential election winner Lula da Silva and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen will also attend. Pakistan’s climate minister, Sherry Rehman, is likely to lead the debate on climate justice.
Cost discussion
It is expected that there will be a debate about who bears the costs of damages resulting from climate change. While developing countries and small island states want new financing facilities to help cover losses and damages, the United States and the European Union do not want to be at stake with an unlimited number of applications.
Yesterday, the Climate Summit included the item of losses and damages on its agenda. Egypt submitted, through its Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry, during the procedural session held yesterday morning, a proposal to include the item of losses and damages on the agenda of the conference. The Egyptian proposal did not meet with opposition from the parties participating in the summit.
In the language of global conversations, the term “loss and damage” refers to the call of the United States and industrialized European countries to provide funds to the least developed countries facing floods, heat waves, droughts, rising seas and other disasters caused by climate change.
The United States has recently eased its resistance to the project of establishing a financial fund for rich countries to allocate financial compensation to developing countries suffering from the effects of climate change.
American-Chinese debate-
In parallel, the United States continued to demand that China pay as well, as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases.
China and the United States rank first and second, respectively, in the world in emitting polluting gases that cause the planet’s atmosphere to warm, as they pump nearly half of the global proportion of fossil fuel fumes.
The United States is the second largest climate polluter, having pumped over the past two centuries the largest proportion of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, while China ranks first, with carbon emissions more than twice that of the United States.
According to 2019 data, the European Union, the United States and the United Kingdom together account for more than half of the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. China’s contribution was 12.7%, and it is increasing.
The “Climate Summit” will host 6 international meetings, including the presidential summit, which will be held on Monday and tomorrow, Tuesday, the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27), in addition to the Conference of Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, the Conference of Parties to the Paris Agreement, and the Commission’s meetings Subsidiary Body for Implementation and the Subsidiary Body on Scientific and Technological Advice.
